Personality disorders
Persistent patterns of thinking and reacting that make relationships and everyday functioning harder.
Personality disorders are a category of conditions in which persistent patterns of thinking, experiencing emotions, reacting and behaving are rigid, inflexible and depart from what those around a person expect, leading to suffering or difficulties in functioning. The difficulties most often concern relationships with others, regulating emotions, one’s self-image and coping with stress. There are various types, including borderline (emotionally unstable), avoidant, dependent and narcissistic personality.
Personality disorders are estimated to affect a few per cent of the population (about 6–10%). They usually emerge in adolescence or early adulthood and persist across many life situations, which is why they are sometimes recognised only after years.
Contrary to common belief, personality disorders can be treated. The main method is long-term psychotherapy (for example mentalisation-based therapy or a psychodynamic approach), sometimes supported by medication for specific symptoms. Treatment helps a person understand themselves better and build more lasting relationships.
Beyond therapy, it helps to learn to recognise and name emotions, to look after stable relationships and a daily rhythm, and to avoid alcohol and substances that increase impulsivity. Change is a gradual process, and patience with yourself is an important part of it.